Demenci lze dle nových výzkumů předejít vhodným zaměstnáním. Důležitou roli hraje kognitivní zapojení

3. 5. 2024 7:30
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Autor: Depositphotos.com

Luštění křížovek a sudoku je běžně považováno za účinnou prevenci rozvoje stařecké demence. Co dalšího ale můžeme udělat, abychom udrželi náš mozek v kondici? Na tuto otázku částečně odpovídá nová studie, která zkoumá vliv typu zaměstnání na naše kognitivní funkce.

Studie, která byla publikovaná v časopise Neurology vydávaným Americkou akademií neurologie, analyzovala zdravotní a pracovní údaje o 7 000 Norech, kteří byli sledováni od svých 30 let až do jejich odchodu do důchodu v 60 letech.

K provedení analýzy výzkumný tým kategorizoval kognitivní požadavky 305 typů povolání v Norsku. Rutinní práce, které nebyly klasifikovány jako „kognitivně ochranné“, často zahrnovaly opakující se manuální a duševní úkoly. Nejčastěji se jednalo o hospodyně, stavební dělníky či poštovní doručovatele.

Naopak mezi profese, které nejsou založeny na rutinních činnostech, byli zařazeni právníci, lékaři, účetní, techničtí inženýři a zdaleka nejčastěji byli zastoupeni učitelé. Mezi každodenní povinnosti patřilo kreativní myšlení, analýza informací, řešení problémů, předávání nápadů a vysvětlování informací ostatním. Pro duševně stimulující zaměstnání jsou také důležité mezilidské dovednosti jako koučování či motivování druhých.

„Učitelé mají hodně interakce se studenty a rodiči a musí vysvětlovat a analyzovat informace. Není to tak rutinní,“ řekl hlavní autor studie Dr. Trine Edwin, výzkumník z univerzitní nemocnice v Oslu v Norsku.

Většina účastníků studie setrvala celý jejich pracovní život ve stejném zaměstnání. Tento fakt pomohl zjednodušit interpretaci zjištění plynoucích z tohoto výzkumu.

Rutinní zaměstnání s malou mentální stimulací u osob ve věku od 30 do 60 let bylo podle studie spojeno s o 66 % vyšším rizikem mírné kognitivní poruchy a o 37 % vyšším rizikem demence po dosažení věku 70 let ve srovnání s prací s vysokými kognitivními a mezilidskými nároky.

„Jak se říká, když to nepoužíváš, ztratíš to. Totéž platí pro kognitivní zapojení po celý život,“ říká Dr. Richard Isaacson, který se studie přímo nezúčastnil.

Pro předcházení rozvoje demence je mimo jiné důležité osvojit si zdravý životní styl, omezit alkohol a zanechat kouření. Vysoký krevní tlak, cukrovka a vysoký cholesterol mohou taktéž přispívat k rozvoji tohoto onemocnění. V neposlední řadě jsou důležité pravidelné kontroly zraku a sluchu a případná řešení jejich poškození.

Budeme muset vyčkat na závěry dalších studií, abychom se dozvěděli, které další činnosti mají pro náš mozek největší přínos.

Zdroje: cnn.com, neurology.org

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This helps the SDK to // select the correct creative if multiple are returned. // adsRequest.linearAdSlotWidth = outstreamWidth; // adsRequest.linearAdSlotHeight = outstreamHeight; adsRequest.nonLinearAdSlotWidth = 0; adsRequest.nonLinearAdSlotHeight = 0; adsLoader.requestAds(adsRequest); } function setupReplayScreen() { replayScreen.addEventListener('click', function () { iinfoOutstreamPosition.remove(); iinfoVastUrlIndex = 0; outstreamInit(); }); } /** * Sets the 'adContainer' div as the IMA ad display container. */ function createAdDisplayContainer() { // We assume the adContainer is the DOM id of the element that will house // the ads. outstreamDocument.getElementById('videoContent').style.display = 'none'; adDisplayContainer = new google.ima.AdDisplayContainer( outstreamDocument.getElementById('adContainer'), videoContent); } function unmuteAdvert() { adVolume = !adVolume; if (adVolume) { adsManager.setVolume(0.3); outstreamDocument.getElementById('adMuteBtn').innerHTML = ''; } else { adsManager.setVolume(0); outstreamDocument.getElementById('adMuteBtn').innerHTML = ''; } } /** * Loads the video content and initializes IMA ad playback. */ function playAds() { // Initialize the container. Must be done through a user action on mobile // devices. videoContent.load(); adDisplayContainer.initialize(); // setupDimensions(); try { // Initialize the ads manager. Ad rules playlist will start at this time. adsManager.init(1920, 1080, google.ima.ViewMode.NORMAL); // Call play to start showing the ad. Single video and overlay ads will // start at this time; the call will be ignored for ad rules. adsManager.start(); // window.addEventListener('resize', function (event) { // if (adsManager) { // setupDimensions(); // adsManager.resize(outstreamWidth, outstreamHeight, google.ima.ViewMode.NORMAL); // } // }); } catch (adError) { // An error may be thrown if there was a problem with the VAST response. // videoContent.play(); } } /** * Handles the ad manager loading and sets ad event listeners. * @param { !google.ima.AdsManagerLoadedEvent } adsManagerLoadedEvent */ function onAdsManagerLoaded(adsManagerLoadedEvent) { // Get the ads manager. const adsRenderingSettings = new google.ima.AdsRenderingSettings(); adsRenderingSettings.restoreCustomPlaybackStateOnAdBreakComplete = true; adsRenderingSettings.loadVideoTimeout = 12000; // videoContent should be set to the content video element. adsManager = adsManagerLoadedEvent.getAdsManager(videoContent, adsRenderingSettings); // Add listeners to the required events. adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdErrorEvent.Type.AD_ERROR, onAdError); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.CONTENT_PAUSE_REQUESTED, onContentPauseRequested); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.CONTENT_RESUME_REQUESTED, onContentResumeRequested); adsManager.addEventListener( google.ima.AdEvent.Type.ALL_ADS_COMPLETED, onAdEvent); // Listen to any additional events, if necessary. adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.LOADED, onAdEvent); adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.STARTED, onAdEvent); adsManager.addEventListener(google.ima.AdEvent.Type.COMPLETE, onAdEvent); playAds(); } /** * Handles actions taken in response to ad events. * @param { !google.ima.AdEvent } adEvent */ function onAdEvent(adEvent) { // Retrieve the ad from the event. 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It is the responsibility of the Publisher to // implement this function when necessary. // setupUIForContent(); } function onActiveView() { if (outstreamContainer) { const containerOffset = outstreamContainer.getBoundingClientRect(); const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; if (containerOffset.top < windowHeight/1 && containerOffset.bottom > 0.0) { if (outstreamPaused) { adsManager.resume(); outstreamPaused = false; } return true; } else { if (!outstreamPaused) { adsManager.pause(); outstreamPaused = true; } } } return false; } let outstreamInitInterval; if (typeof cpexPackage !== "undefined") { outstreamInitInterval = setInterval(tryToInitializeOutstream, 100); } else { const wrapper = getWrapper(); if (wrapper) { let outstreamInitialized = false; window.addEventListener('scroll', () => { if (!outstreamInitialized) { const containerOffset = wrapper.getBoundingClientRect(); const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; if (containerOffset.top < windowHeight / 1 && containerOffset.bottom > 0.0) { outstreamInit(); outstreamInitialized = true; } } }); } } function tryToInitializeOutstream() { const wrapper = getWrapper(); if (wrapper) { const containerOffset = wrapper.getBoundingClientRect(); const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; if (containerOffset.top < windowHeight / 1 && containerOffset.bottom > 0.0) { if (cpexPackage.adserver.displayed) { clearInterval(outstreamInitInterval); outstreamInit(); } } } else { clearInterval(outstreamInitInterval); } } }
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